Dr. Ramji Mehrotra | Hypertensive Heart Disease

Hypertensive heart disease, often referred to as hypertensive cardiomyopathy, is a medical condition characterized by heart damage that is primarily caused by long-term, uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension). When the heart has to work harder due to elevated blood pressure, it can lead to various complications and structural changes within the heart.

One of the primary consequences of hypertensive heart disease is the thickening of the heart's muscular walls, a condition known as left ventricular hypertrophy. Leading heart surgeon Dr. Ramji Mehrotra says that this thickening is the heart's way of adapting to the increased workload imposed by high blood pressure. Over time, however, it can lead to a reduced ability of the heart to pump blood effectively, resulting in a decrease in cardiac output and potentially leading to heart failure.

Hypertensive heart disease can also damage the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. This can result in a condition called ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease. When the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis, the heart muscle may not receive adequate blood flow, leading to angina (chest pain) or, in severe cases, a heart attack.

Additionally, high blood pressure can contribute to the development of other cardiovascular problems, including heart arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, which can increase the risk of stroke. It can also cause the heart to enlarge and dilate, further impairing its ability to function properly.

The symptoms of hypertensive heart disease can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the extent of heart damage. Some of the common symptoms include breathlessness, chest pain, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. However, it is important to note that some individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms until the disease has advanced.

According to Dr. Ramji Mehrotra , managing hypertensive heart disease typically involves controlling high blood pressure through lifestyle modifications and medications, as well as addressing the complications that may arise, such as heart failure or coronary artery disease. Lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular physical exercise, non-smoking, and avoiding excess stress are extremely beneficial.

If you suspect you have high blood pressure or are at risk for hypertensive heart disease, it is very important to immediately consult with a doctor for proper evaluation and guidance.