Digital Transmission and Types of Switching Techniques

Digital Transmission is the transfer of data over the sources like copper wires, optical fibers, wireless networks. The data is transferred in the form of electric signals, radio-waves, and microwaves. Analogue signals are first converted into digital one before transmitting. It is not possible to send it to 0s and 1s. The data can be voice, data, image, signal or video.

In this telecommunications network, switch equipment is a device which is used to channelize incoming data from any of the input ports to the specific output port. Earlier, more than two switches are used to set up a network or circuit to exchange the data between parties. The switch performs a number of functions like Layer 2 or Data link layer. A central device is also an alternative which can connect a number of devices to each other and this technology is known as Star topology but the best solution is switching.

There are basically three types of techniques in switching. Among all the three, circuit switching is the most common. Here are the techniques in details:

* Circuit Switching: it is the technique which people opt generally. It is also used in all the public networks. It is well used for its existence in handling voice traffic in addition to digital data. However, it is not so successful, as data handling in this method is a little inefficient.

* Packet Switching: In this type of technique, messages are broken into parts called packets, and each of them includes specific information such as header, source, destination etc. Individual packets reach the destination via different paths. The top-most advantage of this technique is Data rate conversion. Sometimes, it can be a delay in the packets for exclusive use, most probably during the communication session. When traffic fees are charged, packet switching is charged according to a fee per unit.

* Message Switching: In case of this technique, it is not necessary to have a dedicated path for transferring the date in between two communication devices. Each message is considered as an independent unit and includes its own information. The device between the receiver and the sender stores the message until the nest device is not ready and then transmits the data to the receiver.

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