What Are Electronic or "E" Cigarettes?
Electronic cigarettes (also known as e-cigarettes or personal vaporizers) are an alternative to tobacco cigarettes. They are battery-operated devices that create an in-halable, water-based mist instead of smoke. The rechargeable battery powers a heating element called an "atomizer." The element uses low heat to turn liquid in the cartridge, which contains propylene glycol, glycerin, food flavoring and nicotine, into a fog-like mist.
There are many models of e-cigarettes available. Some look like traditional cigarettes, others look similar to a pen and some even look like small flashlights. Some have LED lights, some have built-in liquid reservoirs, others have combined atomizer cartridges, some are tubular and some are even rectangular boxes. They come in all shapes and sizes and have different features for former smokers who wish to distance themselves from anything resembling a traditional cigarette or want a longer battery life and/or better performance.Are e-cigarettes safe?
While anything containing nicotine cannot be called 100% safe, evidence from numerous studies strongly suggests that they are magnitudes safer than tobacco cigarettes. Harm reduction experts can point to research supporting that switching from cigarettes to a smokefree product will reduce health risks to less than 1% of smoking traditional cigarettes - nearly the same as non-smokers. For tobacco harm reduction health professionals, it is misleading and irresponsible for public health officials to tell smokers that smokeless products, such as e-cigarettes, are "not a safe alternative to smoking" simply because they are "only" 99% safer and not 100% safe.
Do e-cigarettes contain anti-freeze?
No. This myth was created by a 2009 FDA
press statement regarding electronic cigarettes. The FDA tested 18
cartridges from 2 companies. Of those 18 cartridges, 1 tested positive
for a non-toxic amount of diethylene glycol (approximately 1%). While
diethylene glycol is occasionally used in anti-freeze, the chemical is
not a standard ingredient in e-cigarette liquid and it has not been
found in any other samples tested to date.
The base liquid for
e-cigarette liquid is usually propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is
considered GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the FDA and EPA. While
it is also sometimes found in anti-freeze, it is actually added to make
the anti-freeze less toxic and safer for small children and pets.
Propylene glycol is a common ingredient found in many of the foods we
eat, cosmetics we use and medications we take. It is also used in the
fog machines used in theaters and night clubs.
Do e-cigarettes cause cancer just like tobacco cigarettes?
Though testing by the FDA and other labs have discovered trace amounts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines, which are known to cause cancer with high exposure, the amounts found were extremely low and unlikely to cause cancer. To put it in perspective, an e-cigarette contains nearly the exact same trace levels of nitrosamines as the FDA-approved nicotine patch and about 1,300 times less nitrosamines than a Marlboro cigarette.
Are e-cigarettes approved or regulated by the FDA?
The FDA currently considers e-cigarettes to be tobacco products. Originally, it claimed that e-cigarettes are being used as smoking cessation devices and therefore they needed to be regulated the same as pharmaceutical nicotine replacement therapy drugs (NRTs). In 2009, the FDA ordered customs officials to start seizing e-cigarette shipments coming into the country.
On April 25, 2011, FDA announced in a
letter to stakeholders that it would not appeal the decision by the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in Sottera, Inc. v. Food &
Drug Administration, stating that e-cigarettes and other products are
not drugs/devices unless they are marketed for therapeutic purposes, but
that products “made or derived from tobacco” can be regulated as
“tobacco products” under the FD&C Act. The FDA stated that it is
aware that certain products made or derived from tobacco, such as
electronic cigarettes, are not currently subject to pre-market review
requirements of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.
It is developing a strategy to regulate this "emerging class of
products" as tobacco products under the Family Smoking Prevention and
Tobacco Control Act. Products that are marketed for therapeutic purposes
will continue to be regulated as drugs and/or devices.
Contrary to some media reports and comments by legislators, regulation as a "tobacco product" under FSPTCA does not
mean that e-cigarettes are automatically regulated in the exact same
manner as tobacco cigarettes, ie., subject to PACT, flavoring
prohibitions and indoor use bans nor subject to the same tax rates.
However, it does mean sales of these products to minors are finally
prohibited by law.
